Gestational Diabetes-Cause and Prevention

Gestational diabetes is referred to a type of diabetes, that occurs in women who did not have diabetes before pregnancy, and diagnosed for the first time during gestation. It usually occurs in about 10% of expected mothers.

In majority of the cases the condition is temporary due to hormone changes and subsides after delivery (Type-I). The usual symptoms are increased thirst and more-frequent urination. However, in some cases it needs constant monitoring and may need Insulin to keep glucose level under control (Type-2).

Risk factors:

There are some common factors which should be considered by the doctors while assessing the pregnant women;

• Age: Women over 35 years are more prone to develop diabetes.
• Weight: Overweight and obesity.
• Family History: Diabetes in an immediate family member.
• Previous history of gestational diabetes.
• Pre-diabetes.
• Lack of physical activity.

Complications that may affect expecting mothers:

• High blood pressure and preeclampsia: Gestational diabetes raises the risk of high blood pressure, which if severe can lead to serious complications.
• Surgical delivery (C-section). Women with uncontrolled gestational diabetes are more likely to have C-Section instead of normal delivery.
• Increased risk of diabetes: Women with gestational diabetes are also at increased risk of having type 2 diabetes after the pregnancy.

Complications that may affect your baby:

• Excessive birth weight (Macrosomia): gestational diabetes can cause babies to grow larger than normal, creating problems during delivery.
• Preterm birth: Gestational diabetes is often associated with early delivery, which might affect the health of newborn.
• Birth defects: Babies born early may have under developed lungs and other organs which might have serious consequences.
• Stillbirth: Untreated gestational diabetes can result in a baby’s death either before or shortly after birth.

Prevention & Treatment:

Regular checkups are always recommended for expected mothers in order to find any developing complication and take remedial actions.

• Healthy foods: Low fat and carbohydrates are the focus, to prevent high calorie intake. Fruits, vegetables and lean meat are the choice. If necessary consult a dietician for help.
• Physical Activity: At least 30 minutes of moderate physical activity should be a daily routine. This helps check the excess fats build up and keeps the mother active.
• Check weight: keep an eye on scale regularly.
• Monitor Blood Glucose regularly: Check your blood sugar level regularly during each visit or at home, to keep check.
• Medications/Insulin: In some cases insulin might be used to keep the blood glucose level in target range.

Gestational diabetes is becoming more common due to change in our lifestyle. The pregnant women should educate themselves about optimal health of their own as well as their babies. Obesity is a prime factor in developing the disease. Maintaining a healthy weight and following a good nutritional plan both before and during pregnancy can decrease your chances of developing gestational diabetes.

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